The increase in diabetes is a major threat to health and economic development in the 21st century, as stated by the United Nation?s Millennium Development Goals. In 2013, 380 million people worldwide had diabetes, and almost 600 million are expected to have it by 2035. Diabetes is the major cause of nontraumatic amputation and blindness in developed countries. It is also an expensive disease. In the United States, one in five dollars for health care is spent on diabetes. Net losses in national income from diabetes amount to hundreds of billions of international dollars in China and India. Clearly, novel therapies are required.