Head and neck squamous cell carcinoma lymphatic spread and survival: Relevance of vascular endothelial growth factor family for tumor evaluation

Head Neck. 2015 Oct;37(10):1410-6. doi: 10.1002/hed.23765. Epub 2014 Jul 26.

Abstract

Background: Head and neck squamous cell carcinoma (HNSCC) is primarily a locoregional disease in which the cervical lymph nodes are the chief site of metastasis. The purpose of this study was to examine the relationship between lymphangiogenesis and clinicopathological aspects of HNSCC and its metastasis.

Methods: Fifty-two patients with HNSCC and metastatic lymph nodes from 21 of these subjects were analyzed by immunohistochemistry.

Results: The HNSCC samples were predominantly negative for vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF)-C, VEGF-D, and vascular endothelial growth factor receptor (VEGFR)3. There was an association between the density of lymph vessels (measured by D2-40 staining) in the lymph nodes and advanced-stage tumors. There was no link between the expression of these proteins and survival rates.

Conclusion: Although lymphatic spread is a significant event in the progression of HNSCC, the expression of VEGF-C, VEGF-D, and VEGFR3 does not correlate with clinicopathological characteristics, suggesting that other signaling pathways mediate lymphangiogenesis in HNSCC.

Keywords: D2-40; head and neck squamous cell carcinoma; immunohistochemistry; lymphangiogenesis; vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) family.

MeSH terms

  • Adult
  • Aged
  • Carcinoma, Squamous Cell / metabolism*
  • Carcinoma, Squamous Cell / mortality
  • Carcinoma, Squamous Cell / secondary*
  • Female
  • Head and Neck Neoplasms / metabolism*
  • Head and Neck Neoplasms / mortality
  • Head and Neck Neoplasms / secondary*
  • Humans
  • Immunohistochemistry
  • Lymphangiogenesis*
  • Lymphatic Metastasis
  • Lymphatic Vessels / pathology
  • Male
  • Middle Aged
  • Squamous Cell Carcinoma of Head and Neck
  • Survival Rate
  • Vascular Endothelial Growth Factor A / metabolism*
  • Vascular Endothelial Growth Factor Receptor-3 / metabolism

Substances

  • VEGFA protein, human
  • Vascular Endothelial Growth Factor A
  • FLT4 protein, human
  • Vascular Endothelial Growth Factor Receptor-3