Nephrotoxicity Risk Factors and Intravenous Vancomycin Dosing in the Immediate Postoperative Period Following Antibiotic-Impregnated Cement Spacer Placement

Erica E Reed; Jessica Johnston; Jennifer Severing; Kurt B Stevenson; Meredith Deutscher

doi:10.1177/1060028014535360

Nephrotoxicity Risk Factors and Intravenous Vancomycin Dosing in the Immediate Postoperative Period Following Antibiotic-Impregnated Cement Spacer Placement

Ann Pharmacother. 2014 Aug;48(8):962-969. doi: 10.1177/1060028014535360. Epub 2014 May 13.

Authors

Erica E Reed¹, Jessica Johnston¹, Jennifer Severing¹, Kurt B Stevenson¹, Meredith Deutscher²

Affiliations

¹ Ohio State University Wexner Medical Center, Columbus, OH, USA.
² Kaiser Permanente, Roseville, CA, USA Meredith.S.Deutscher@kp.org.

PMID: 24823910
DOI: 10.1177/1060028014535360

Abstract

Background: Several case reports have documented acute kidney injury (AKI) attributable to antibiotic-impregnated cement (AIC) spacers.

Objectives: To identify AKI risk factors among patients who underwent AIC placement and determine whether vancomycin-AIC placement affects systemic vancomycin dosing.

Methods: Phase 1 was a case-control study to identify AKI risk factors among patients who underwent AIC placement. Cases experienced AKI; controls had unchanged renal function. Phase 2 was a retrospective cohort study. Patients who received ≥72 hours of intravenous (IV) vancomycin were divided into 2 groups according to whether they underwent vancomycin-AIC placement. Primary outcome was number of vancomycin dosing changes.

Results: Phase 1: Among 26 cases and 74 controls AKI risk factors on univariate and multivariable analysis included exposure to angiotensin-converting-enzyme (ACE) inhibitor exposure within 7 days of AIC placement (42% vs 20%, P = 0.03) and piperacillin-tazobactam within 7 days following AIC placement (31% vs 12%, P = 0.03). Phase 2: Among 53 patients who underwent vancomycin-AIC placement and 104 who underwent another surgery type, vancomycin was adjusted more frequently in patients who underwent vancomycin-AIC placement (28% vs 15%, P = 0.06).

Conclusions: Among patients who undergo AIC placement with vancomycin and/or tobramycin, exposure to ACE inhibitors and piperacillin-tazobactam are associated with increased risk of AKI in the immediate postoperative period. No empirical adjustments to IV vancomycin dosing are necessary in patients undergoing vancomycin-AIC placement.

Keywords: acute kidney injury; antibiotic-impregnated cement; joint; vancomycin.