Abstract
While numerous studies support regulation of Ras GTPases by reactive oxygen and nitrogen species, the Rho subfamily has received considerably less attention. Over the last few years, increasing evidence is emerging that supports the redox sensitivity of Rho GTPases. Moreover, as Rho GTPases regulate the cellular redox state by controlling enzymes that generate and convert reactive oxygen and nitrogen species, redox feedback loops likely exist. Here, we provide an overview of cellular oxidants, Rho GTPases, and their inter-dependence.
Keywords:
2-electron oxidants; Ras GTPases; cysteine oxidation; free radicals; post-translational modifications; reactive nitrogen species; reactive oxygen species.
Publication types
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Research Support, N.I.H., Extramural
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Review
MeSH terms
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Animals
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Antioxidants / chemistry
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Antioxidants / metabolism
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Cysteine / chemistry
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Cysteine / metabolism
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Humans
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Oxidation-Reduction
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Protein Processing, Post-Translational
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Reactive Nitrogen Species / chemistry
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Reactive Nitrogen Species / metabolism
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Reactive Oxygen Species / chemistry
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Reactive Oxygen Species / metabolism
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Second Messenger Systems
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rac GTP-Binding Proteins / chemistry
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rac GTP-Binding Proteins / metabolism
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rho GTP-Binding Proteins / chemistry
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rho GTP-Binding Proteins / metabolism*
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rhoA GTP-Binding Protein / chemistry
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rhoA GTP-Binding Protein / metabolism
Substances
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Antioxidants
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Reactive Nitrogen Species
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Reactive Oxygen Species
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rac GTP-Binding Proteins
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rho GTP-Binding Proteins
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rhoA GTP-Binding Protein
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Cysteine