Spontaneous rupture of an aneurysm of the ovarian artery is usually considered a rare complication of pregnancy and the puerperium. However, we observed this emergent condition in a 51-year-old postmenopausal woman. We report here our experiences and consider lessons about diagnosis and management that can be drawn from this case and 5 other published cases in multiparous middle-aged women. These lessons include application of contrast-enhanced computed tomography to focus emergent care, surgical intervention, and association with systemic inflammatory response syndrome. We also consider how the cases might shed new light on the pathogenesis and evolution of this condition.