Cardiotoxicity of systemic agents used in breast cancer

Abstract

Several breast cancer therapies can lead to cardiovascular toxicity: drugs such anthracyclines can cause permanent damage, anti-HER2 agents may cause transitory and reversible cardiac dysfunction and others, such as those used in endocrine therapy, primarily disturb lipid metabolism. Considering the seriousness of these complications, trials are now being conducted to address cardiotoxicity associated with new drugs; however, to fully understand their toxicity profiles, longer follow-up is needed. In this review, we compile the information available about cardiac toxicity related to well-established systemic breast cancer treatments, as well as newer drugs, including antiangiogenics, mTOR inhibitors and novel anti-HER2 agents. We also describe current and next generation cardiac biomarkers and functional tests that can optimize treatment and reduce and prevent the incidence of treatment-related cardiotoxicity.

Keywords: Anti-HER2 agents; Biomarkers; Breast cancer; Cardiotoxicity; Chemotherapy; Endocrine therapy.