Bridging disulfides for stable and defined antibody drug conjugates

Bioconjug Chem. 2014 Jun 18;25(6):1124-36. doi: 10.1021/bc500148x. Epub 2014 May 23.

Abstract

To improve both the homogeneity and the stability of ADCs, we have developed site-specific drug-conjugating reagents that covalently rebridge reduced disulfide bonds. The new reagents comprise a drug, a linker, and a bis-reactive conjugating moiety that is capable of undergoing reaction with both sulfur atoms derived from a reduced disulfide bond in antibodies and antibody fragments. A disulfide rebridging reagent comprising monomethyl auristatin E (MMAE) was prepared and conjugated to trastuzumab (TRA). A 78% conversion of antibody to ADC with a drug to antibody ratio (DAR) of 4 was achieved with no unconjugated antibody remaining. The MMAE rebridging reagent was also conjugated to the interchain disulfide of a Fab derived from proteolytic digestion of TRA, to give a homogeneous single drug conjugated product. The resulting conjugates retained antigen-binding, were stable in serum, and demonstrated potent and antigen-selective cell killing in in vitro and in vivo cancer models. Disulfide rebridging conjugation is a general approach to prepare stable ADCs, which does not require the antibody to be recombinantly re-engineered for site-specific conjugation.

MeSH terms

  • Antibodies, Monoclonal, Humanized / chemistry*
  • Antibodies, Monoclonal, Humanized / pharmacology*
  • Antineoplastic Agents / chemical synthesis
  • Antineoplastic Agents / chemistry*
  • Antineoplastic Agents / pharmacology*
  • Cell Line, Tumor
  • Cell Proliferation / drug effects
  • Cell Survival / drug effects
  • Disulfides / chemistry*
  • Dose-Response Relationship, Drug
  • Drug Screening Assays, Antitumor
  • Humans
  • MCF-7 Cells
  • Molecular Structure
  • Oligopeptides / chemistry*
  • Oligopeptides / pharmacology*
  • Structure-Activity Relationship
  • Trastuzumab

Substances

  • Antibodies, Monoclonal, Humanized
  • Antineoplastic Agents
  • Disulfides
  • Oligopeptides
  • Trastuzumab
  • monomethyl auristatin E