Most pathogens invade body through the mucosal epithelium, which is a primary target to prevent the infectious diseases. Mucosal vaccine has been considered to be an effective strategy to establish immunosurveillance against pathogens by the induction of antigen-specific immune responses at both mucosal and systemic immune compartments. The development of antigen delivery system and mucosal adjuvants are required for the sufficient induction of protective immunity in the development of mucosal vaccine. In this review, we shed light on the recent advances in the development of antigen delivery system using microbial functions for mucosal vaccines.