The theoretical background of correlation and phase analysis of laser images of human blood plasma with the spatial-frequency selection of the manifestations of mechanisms of linear and circular birefringence of albumin and globulin is presented. The comparative results of measuring the coordinate distributions of the module of complex degree of coherence (CDC) of laser images of blood plasma taken from the patients of three groups--healthy patients (donors), the patients suffering from the rheumatoid arthritis, and those with stomach cancer (adenocarcinoma)--are shown. The values and ranges of change of the statistical (moments of the first-fourth orders), correlation (excess of autocorrelation functions), and fractal (slopes of approximating curves and dispersion of the extremes of logarithmic dependencies of power spectra) parameters of CDC coordinate distributions are studied. The objective criteria of diagnostics of the pathology and differentiation of the inflammation and oncological state are determined.