It is estimated that more than one third of older people may experience problems with their mental health. While, in some of these cases, people will be able to self-manage with little or no support, individuals who are socially isolated or physically unwell may experience significant mental distress. Community nurses are ideally placed to identify mental health problems in patients who are housebound, and to make appropriate referrals. Yet many nurses report apprehension regarding a perceived lack of knowledge and skills in which to undertake an initial assessment. This article outlines the most common mental illnesses experienced by older people living in the community and provides guidance for community nurses on conducting an initial assessment to ensure that patients' holistic needs are met.