For drug delivery systems, the most important factors are biocompatibility and stability. To achieve excellent biocompatibility, learning from naturally occurring systems may be the best choice. Herein, a series of pH-sensitive metallo-supramolecular nanogels (MSNs) were prepared by the metallo-supramolecular coordinated interaction between histidine and iron-meso-tetraphenylporphin, which mimicks the way that hemoglobin carries oxygen. With the excellent biocompatibility and special supramolecular pH sensitivity, MSNs had been exploited to load and release anticancer drug doxorubicin (DOX). In vitro drug release profiles showed that only a small amount of the loaded DOX was released in PBS solution at pH 7.4, while up to about 80% of the loaded DOX could be quickly released at pH 5.3 due to the pH-dependent disassembly of MSNs. Confocal laser scanning microscopy (CLSM) and flow cytometry were used to verify the cellular uptake and intracellular drug release behaviors of DOX-loaded MSNs toward MCF-7. Efficient cellular proliferation inhibition against MCF-7 and HeLa cells was also observed by a 3-(4,5-dimethyl-thiazol-2-yl)-2,5-diphenyl tetrazolium bromide (MTT) assay. These features suggested that MSNs could be of great potential as intelligent drug delivery systems.