Ion exchange resins, due to their specific nano/microstructures and applications, have attracted great attention in the past decades. This paper reviews the recent advances and applications of nano/microstructured ion exchange resins, with an introduction to the preparation and property of different ion exchange resins. The applications of different ion exchange resins in catalysts, medicine, metallurgical regeneration, metals, and chemicals removal are summarized and discussed. The perspectives for the future developments of ion exchange resins are also proposed.