Thromboendarterectomy from the branches of the pulmonary artery is a conventionally accepted approach to treatment for pulmonary hypertension in chronic pulmonary embolism. A frequently encountered complication associated with this operation is the development in the postoperative period of the reperfusion syndrome as a potential cause of fatal respiratory failure. Taking into consideration that the reperfusion syndrome is a reversible process, waiting measures of support may save the patient's life. The present article deals with a case report concerning successive surgical management of a female patient suffering from chronic recurrent pulmonary thromboembolism accompanied by high pulmonary hypertension complicated by severe respiratory insufficiency in the early postoperative period, thus requiring long-term use of veno-venous extracorporeal membrane oxygenation (ECMO). The clinical case described in the article shows that veno-venous ECMO may be employed to save patients presenting with reperfusion syndrome following thromboendarterectomy from the branches of the pulmonary artery. The method of connecting ECMO namely in the veno-venous option in this particular case was determined by fact that the patient had no cardiac insufficiency. Numerous studies conducted hitherto have also confirmed that using ECMO in the veno-venous variant is accompanied and followed by a lower incidence rate of complications as compared with that of the veno-arterial variant. The results of our case report strongly suggest that timely use of ECMO in the composition of rehabilitation measures during restoration of the compromised lungs may become an effective strategy aimed at improving survival of patients after successful thromboendarterectomy from the pulmonary artery branches.