In order to research the spatial distribution characteristics and pollution condition of nitrogen in water and sediment, the Ziya River Basin was selected as the study area. The results showed: the average TN concentration of all water body samples was 31.28 mg x L(-1), which was 15 times higher than the V-class standard of national surface water, where the NH(4+)-N accounted for about 79% of TN ratio, followed by total organic nitrogen (TON). The organic nitrogen was the major form to exist in nitrogenous substances of surface sediment; and the average concentration was 3.290 g x kg-1) which was 4.5 times higher of NH:-N's. In the waters of Ziya River Basin, NH(4+)-N had a significantly positive correlation with TON and t, respectively (P < 0.01); as well as both NH(4+)-N and sediment organic nitrogen(SON) were significantly positively correlated to TOC (P < 0.01) in the surface precipitation. The surface sediment of Ziya River Basin was in the state of organic pollution, and Beili River was in the most serious status. It was worth mentioning that the influence of organic nitrogen pollution was just above the organic carbon's.