Purpose: Cytomegalovirus (CMV) is a leading cause of congenital encephalopathy and cerebral palsy (CP). In this study we report the severity of disability in individuals who developed CP secondary to symptomatic congenital CMV encephalopathy.
Methods: The medical records of patients with CP secondary to symptomatic congenital CMV encephalopathy diagnosed from 1995 to 2011 were retrospectively reviewed. Gross Motor Functional Classification Scale (GMFCS) level, language function, and swallowing function were collected.
Results: Twenty-three patients were found. Of those 23 patients, 83% (19/23) were at a GMFCS level IV or V, 9% (2/23) each GMFCS level II or III and none (0%) at GMFCS I. Eighteen patients were non-verbal, 3 had minimal to moderate verbal skills and 2 had no verbal impairment. Eighteen patients also had severe dysphagia requiring gastrostomy tube (GT) feedings, and 5 ate orally. There was a strong correlation between the severity of GMFCS and having a gastrostomy tube (p< 0.0006) and GMFCS and verbal skills (p< 0.0023).
Conclusion: This study shows that patients with CP secondary to symptomatic congenital cytomegalovirus encephalopathy have a very high risk of having severe physical and cognitive disabilities. This information can help healthcare providers and caregivers plan for the potential long-term medical, rehabilitation, and financial needs of this group of patients.
Keywords: Cerebral palsy; cytomegalovirus; encephalopathy; gross motor function classification system.