A 55-years-old woman with end-stage renal disease presented on hemodialysis bloody ascitis after transfer from peritoneal dialysis. During the 8 years of peritoneal dialysis, she had exit-site infection and a culture-negative peritonitis. She was dropped-out of hemodialysis for ultrafiltration failure associated with "high" peritoneal transport. Clinic and radiologic findings was suggestive for the encapsulating peritoneal sclerosis, which was confirmed upon biopsy of the peritoneum. The patient was treated successfully with immunosuppressive. Our case is relevant, both because many clinical features that have been described must draw attention to the encapsulating peritoneal sclerosis, rare but life-threatening complication of peritoneal dialysis and because of its favorable outcome, unfortunately infrequent.