Tree cover bimodality in savannas and forests emerging from the switching between two fire dynamics

PLoS One. 2014 Mar 24;9(3):e91195. doi: 10.1371/journal.pone.0091195. eCollection 2014.

Abstract

Moist savannas and tropical forests share the same climatic conditions and occur side by side. Experimental evidences show that the tree cover of these ecosystems exhibits a bimodal frequency distribution. This is considered as a proof of savanna-forest bistability, predicted by dynamic vegetation models based on non-linear differential equations. Here, we propose a change of perspective about the bimodality of tree cover distribution. We show, using a simple matrix model of tree dynamics, how the bimodality of tree cover can emerge from the switching between two linear dynamics of trees, one in presence and one in absence of fire, with a feedback between fire and trees. As consequence, we find that the transitions between moist savannas and tropical forests, if sharp, are not necessarily catastrophic.

Publication types

  • Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't

MeSH terms

  • Fires*
  • Forests*
  • Grassland*
  • Models, Statistical*
  • Stochastic Processes
  • Trees / growth & development*

Grants and funding

Funded by Ministry of Foreign Affairs. The funders had no role in study design, data collection and analysis, decision to publish, or preparation of the manuscript.