Effects of a POEA surfactant system (Genamin T-200(®)) on two life stages of the Pacific oyster, Crassostrea gigas

J Toxicol Sci. 2014 Apr;39(2):211-5. doi: 10.2131/jts.39.211.

Abstract

Surfactants used in herbicide formulations are generally considered inert with no toxic effects on animals. Polyethoxylated tallow amines (POEAs) are non-ionic surfactants used in many herbicide formulations to promote the penetration of the active matter into plant cuticles. The present study aimed to assess the toxicity of a POEA surfactant system, the Genamin T-200®, on two larval stages of the Pacific oyster, Crassostrea gigas. The embryotoxicity of Genamin T-200® was quantified after 36 hr of exposure, considering both arrested development and abnormalities in D-shaped larvae. The ability of pediveliger larvae to metamorphose was studied after 24 hr exposure to Genamin T-200®. According to the European toxicity classification, the present results suggest that Genamin T-200® could be considered very toxic to embryo larval development, with an EC₅₀ of 262 µg/l, and toxic to metamorphosis processes with an EC₅₀ of 3,027 µg/l. The high toxicity of glyphosate-based formulations compared to the active ingredient and its by-product appears to be due primarily to surfactants.

Publication types

  • Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't

MeSH terms

  • Animals
  • Crassostrea / drug effects*
  • Crassostrea / embryology*
  • Dose-Response Relationship, Drug
  • Embryonic Development / drug effects
  • Herbicides*
  • Larva / drug effects
  • Metamorphosis, Biological / drug effects
  • Surface-Active Agents / toxicity*
  • Time Factors

Substances

  • Herbicides
  • Surface-Active Agents