There has been tremendous progress in the modern day technologies causing a rapid evolution in the field of neurosurgery. The neurosurgeons have been equipped with the latest advancements such as the use of robotics in surgery, the image-guided neurosurgical procedures, and the stereotactic neurosurgery. In addition, the preoperative screening techniques have drastically improved the success of the surgical procedure. Neuronavigation has allowed the precise localization of the deep-seated brain structures thereby helping in the accurate operation of the affected regions without stirring the normal brain tissues. Such preciseness has helped in the improvement of the patient outcome. All these aspects have been discussed in detail in this review with a focus on their developmental background.