DNA methylation of heparanase promoter influences its expression and associated with the progression of human breast cancer

PLoS One. 2014 Mar 14;9(3):e92190. doi: 10.1371/journal.pone.0092190. eCollection 2014.

Abstract

Heparanase promotes tumor invasion and metastasis in several malignancies including breast cancer. However, the roles and regulation mechanisms of heparanase during breast cancer progression are still not fully understood. The aim of this study is to determine the differential regulation of heparanase gene expression in specific stages of breast cancer by DNA methylation. We detected levels of heparanase expression and DNA methylation patterns of its promoter in breast cancer cell lines (MCF-7 and MDA-MB-435) and clinical tissues, respectively. It has been observed that heparanase is highly expressed in the invasive MDA-MB-435 cells with low methylation modification in the heparanase promoter. In contrast, lower expression of heparanase in MCF-7 cells is accompanied by higher methylation in the promoter. Treatment of MCF-7 cells with 5-aza-2'-deoxycytidine (5-aza-dC), a potent demethylating agent, results in induction of heparanase expression and higher invasion potential in vitro and leads to an advantage of tumor formation in vivo. In 54 tissue samples, cancer samples at late stages (stage IV) showed the highest heparanase expression accomplished by little DNA methylation. On the contrary, methylation prevalence is highest in normal tissue and inversely correlated with heparanase expression. A significant correlation between DNA methylation and clinical stage was demonstrated (p = 0.012). Collectively, these results demonstrate that DNA methylation play the regulation role in heparanase gene in different stages of breast cancer and present a direct effect on tumor progression.

Publication types

  • Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't

MeSH terms

  • Azacitidine / analogs & derivatives
  • Azacitidine / pharmacology
  • Breast Neoplasms / enzymology
  • Breast Neoplasms / genetics*
  • Breast Neoplasms / pathology*
  • Carcinogenesis / drug effects
  • Carcinogenesis / genetics
  • Cell Proliferation / drug effects
  • DNA Methylation* / drug effects
  • Decitabine
  • Disease Progression*
  • Gene Expression Regulation, Neoplastic*
  • Glucuronidase / genetics*
  • Humans
  • MCF-7 Cells
  • Neoplasm Invasiveness
  • Promoter Regions, Genetic / genetics*

Substances

  • Decitabine
  • heparanase
  • Glucuronidase
  • Azacitidine

Grants and funding

This work was partly supported by grants from the National Natural Science Foundation of China (No. 31000564), the Natural Science Foundation of Shandong Province (No. ZR2012BM006) and the Foundation of Shandong Educational Committee (No. J10LF12). The funders had no role in study design, data collection and analysis, decision to publish, or preparation of the manuscript.