Evaluating the effects of preoperative fasting and fluid limitation

Int J Nurs Pract. 2015 Apr;21(2):156-65. doi: 10.1111/ijn.12239. Epub 2014 Feb 28.

Abstract

The aim of the study was to evaluate the effects of preoperative fasting and fluid limitation in patients undergoing laparoscopic cholecystectomy. Although traditional long-term fasting is not recommended in current preoperative guidelines, this is still a common intervention. Visual analogue scale was used to assess hunger, thirst, sleepiness, exhaustion, nausea and pain; State and Trait Anxiety Inventory was used to assess the preoperative anxiety of 99 patients undergoing elective laparoscopic cholecystectomy. Mean time of preoperative fasting and fluid limitation were, respectively, 14.70 ± 3.14 and 11.25 ± 3.74 h. Preoperatively, 58.60% of the patients experienced moderate anxiety. Patients fasting 12 h or longer had higher hunger, thirst, nausea and pain scores. The mean trait anxiety score of patients fasting 12 h or longer was statistically significantly higher. Receiving nothing by mouth after midnight preoperatively is a persisted intervention and results in discomfort of patients. Clinical protocols should be revised and nurses should be trained in current fasting protocols.

Keywords: anxiety; hunger; oral intake limitation; preoperative fasting; thirst.

MeSH terms

  • Adult
  • Aged
  • Aged, 80 and over
  • Anxiety / epidemiology
  • Cholecystectomy, Laparoscopic* / adverse effects
  • Cholecystectomy, Laparoscopic* / psychology
  • Cross-Sectional Studies
  • Elective Surgical Procedures / adverse effects
  • Elective Surgical Procedures / psychology
  • Fasting*
  • Fatigue / epidemiology
  • Female
  • Humans
  • Hunger
  • Male
  • Middle Aged
  • Pain, Postoperative / epidemiology
  • Postoperative Nausea and Vomiting / epidemiology
  • Preoperative Care*
  • Preoperative Period*
  • Thirst
  • Turkey
  • Young Adult