The rabbit (Oryctolagus cuniculus) is an important animal species widely used for biomedical research purposes, meat production and as a pet animal. There are numerous biomedical and scientific applications that include important areas such as antibody production, muscle, eye and circulatory physiology. The use of proteomics has been limited when considering this species. The aim of this article is to provide a review on applications of proteomics to the rabbit species, including those that are most relevant and where rabbit is a key species: muscle and circulatory system physiology.