(44g)Sc production using a water target on a 13MeV cyclotron

Abstract

Introduction: Access to promising radiometals as isotopes for novel molecular imaging agents requires that they are routinely available and inexpensive to obtain. Proximity to a cyclotron center outfitted with solid target hardware, or to an isotope generator for the metal of interest is necessary, both of which can introduce significant hurdles in development of less common isotopes. Herein, we describe the production of ⁴⁴Sc (t1/2=3.97 h, Eavg,β⁺=1.47MeV, branching ratio=94.27%) in a solution target and an automated loading system which allows a quick turn-around between different radiometallic isotopes and therefore greatly improves their availability for tracer development. Experimental yields are compared to theoretical calculations.

Methods: Solutions containing a high concentration (1.44-1.55g/mL) of natural-abundance calcium nitrate tetrahydrate (Ca(NO₃)2·4 H₂O) were irradiated on a 13MeV proton-beam cyclotron using a standard liquid target. (44g)Sc was produced via the ⁴⁴Ca(p,n)(44g)Sc reaction.

Results: (44g)Sc was produced for the first time in a solution target with yields sufficient for early radiochemical studies. Saturation yields of up to 4.6 ± 0.3 MBq/μA were achieved using 7.6 ± 0.3 μA proton beams for 60.0 ± 0.2 minutes (number of runs n=3). Experimental data and calculation results are in fair agreement. Scandium was isolated from the target mixture via solid-phase extraction with 88 ± 6% (n=5) efficiency and successfully used for radiolabelling experiments. The demonstration of the production of ⁴⁴Sc in a liquid target greatly improves its availability for tracer development.

Keywords: (44)Sc; PET; Radioisotope production; Radiometal; Scandium-44; Targetry.