Allele distributions at hybrid incompatibility loci facilitate the potential for gene flow between cultivated and weedy rice in the US

PLoS One. 2014 Jan 28;9(1):e86647. doi: 10.1371/journal.pone.0086647. eCollection 2014.

Abstract

The accumulation of independent mutations over time in two populations often leads to reproductive isolation. Reproductive isolation between diverging populations may be reinforced by barriers that occur either pre- or postzygotically. Hybrid sterility is the most common form of postzygotic isolation in plants. Four postzygotic sterility loci, comprising three hybrid sterility systems (Sa, s5, DPL), have been recently identified in Oryza sativa. These loci explain, in part, the limited hybridization that occurs between the domesticated cultivated rice varieties, O. sativa spp. japonica and O. sativa spp. indica. In the United States, cultivated fields of japonica rice are often invaded by conspecific weeds that have been shown to be of indica origin. Crop-weed hybrids have been identified in crop fields, but at low frequencies. Here we examined the possible role of these hybrid incompatibility loci in the interaction between cultivated and weedy rice. We identified a novel allele at Sa that seemingly prevents loss of fertility in hybrids. Additionally, we found wide-compatibility type alleles at strikingly high frequencies at the Sa and s5 loci in weed groups, and a general lack of incompatible alleles between crops and weeds at the DPL loci. Our results suggest that weedy individuals, particularly those of the SH and BRH groups, should be able to freely hybridize with the local japonica crop, and that prezygotic factors, such as differences in flowering time, have been more important in limiting weed-crop gene flow in the past. As the selective landscape for weedy rice changes due to increased use of herbicide resistant strains of cultivated rice, the genetic barriers that hinder indica-japonica hybridization cannot be counted on to limit the flow of favorable crop genes into weeds.

Publication types

  • Research Support, U.S. Gov't, Non-P.H.S.

MeSH terms

  • Alleles*
  • Crosses, Genetic
  • Ecotype
  • Gene Flow*
  • Genetic Loci*
  • Haplotypes / genetics
  • Hybridization, Genetic*
  • Molecular Sequence Data
  • Oryza / genetics*
  • Oryza / growth & development*
  • Phylogeny
  • Plant Weeds / genetics*
  • Plant Weeds / growth & development
  • Pollen / genetics
  • Sequence Analysis, DNA
  • United States

Associated data

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Grants and funding

This project was funded by a grant from the U.S. National Science Foundation Plant Genome Research Program (IOS-1032023) to A.L.C., Kenneth M. Olsen and Yulin Jia (http://www.nsf.gov/awardsearch/showAward?AWD_ID=1032023). The funders had no role in study design, data collection and analysis, decision to publish, or preparation of the manuscript.