[Benign myoclonic epilepsy in infancy: natural history and behavioral and cognitive outcome]

Rev Neurol. 2014 Feb 1;58(3):97-102.
[Article in Spanish]

Abstract

Introduction: Benign myoclonic epilepsy in infancy (BMEI) is a well-defined electro-clinical syndrome, classically associated with a good prognosis. However, in the last years several studies have been published with variable results of neuropsychological outcome in BMEI. AIM. To analyze the natural history and the cognitive and behavioral outcome in BMEI patients.

Patients and methods: We report a long-term follow-up of 10 patients with BMEI. During the follow-up, all the patients underwent neurocognitive and behavioral evaluations.

Results: Sixty percent of patients became seizure free on valproic acid. The intelligence quotient of the whole cohort was between 74 and 93, with three patients in the range of borderline intelligence and six in the range of medium-to-low intelligence. Nine of the 10 patients met criteria for attention deficit hyperactivity disorder, and two patients associated another learning disorder. All patients showed poor motor and visuospatial coordination signs and three patients had a behavior disorder.

Conclusions: The term 'benign' in BMEI has to be used with caution in refer to its behavioral and cognitive outcome. Early onset of seizures and a worse epilepsy control may be risk factors of a poor neuropsychological outcome.

Title: Epilepsia mioclonica benigna del lactante: evolucion natural y pronostico neurocognitivo y conductual.

Introduccion. La epilepsia mioclonica benigna del lactante (EMBL) es un sindrome electroclinico de caracteristicas homogeneas y bien definidas, considerado clasicamente de buen pronostico. Sin embargo, en los ultimos años se han publicado estudios con resultados variables en cuanto a evolucion neuropsicologica. Objetivo. Analizar la evolucion natural y el pronostico neurocognitivo y conductual de los pacientes con EMBL. Pacientes y metodos. Estudio retrospectivo de 10 pacientes con EMBL, con un periodo de seguimiento de mas de cinco años, durante los cuales se realizo una evaluacion neurocognitiva y conductual. Resultados. En el 60% de los pacientes las crisis se controlaron con acido valproico en monoterapia, y el 80% no presento nuevas crisis durante su seguimiento. El cociente intelectual de la cohorte se situo entre 74 y 93; tres pacientes tuvieron un cociente intelectual en rango de inteligencia limite, y seis, en rango de inteligencia media-baja. Nueve pacientes cumplieron criterios de trastorno por deficit de atencion/hiperactividad y dos asociaban otro trastorno del aprendizaje, uno de ellos trastorno de aprendizaje no verbal, y el otro, trastorno especifico de la lectoescritura. Todos los pacientes presentaron datos de pobre coordinacion motriz y visuoespacial, y tres fueron diagnosticados de trastorno de conducta. Conclusiones. El termino 'benigno' en la EMBL debe utilizarse con precaucion en cuanto a su pronostico neurocognitivo y conductual. El inicio precoz y un peor control de las crisis podrian suponer factores de riesgo de evolucion neuropsicologica desfavorable.

MeSH terms

  • Anticonvulsants / therapeutic use
  • Attention Deficit Disorder with Hyperactivity / epidemiology
  • Attention Deficit Disorder with Hyperactivity / etiology
  • Child Behavior Disorders / epidemiology
  • Child Behavior Disorders / etiology*
  • Cognition Disorders / epidemiology
  • Cognition Disorders / etiology*
  • Disease Progression
  • Epilepsies, Myoclonic / complications
  • Epilepsies, Myoclonic / drug therapy
  • Epilepsies, Myoclonic / epidemiology*
  • Epilepsies, Myoclonic / psychology
  • Female
  • Follow-Up Studies
  • Humans
  • Infant
  • Intelligence
  • Learning Disabilities / epidemiology
  • Learning Disabilities / etiology
  • Male
  • Movement Disorders / epidemiology
  • Movement Disorders / etiology
  • Prognosis
  • Retrospective Studies
  • Valproic Acid / therapeutic use

Substances

  • Anticonvulsants
  • Valproic Acid