Nanoparticles are structures with at least one demension smaller than 100 nm. The rapid development of nanotechnology means that each day comes new nanostructures and also new opportunities for their use. However it should be remembered, that nanotechnology is not only benefits and progress, but the risk of side effects. Due to the unique properties of nanoparticles linked to their size and also large active surface, the nanoparticles interact virtually the entire human body, causing a variety of adverse effects also at the cellular level. The paper presents the general characteristics of the nanoparticles, their use, route of exposure and reports of their cardiotoxicity.