Application of the "hybrid approach" to chronic total occlusion interventions: a detailed procedural analysis

Abstract

Objective: To assess the outcomes of the "hybrid" approach to chronic total occlusion (CTO) percutaneous coronary interventions (PCIs).

Background: The "hybrid approach" to CTO PCI advocates appropriate and early change of crossing strategy to maximize success, safety, and efficiency.

Methods: We prospectively recorded and analyzed detailed step-by-step procedural data in 73 consecutive CTO PCI cases performed by a single operator between July 2011 and August 2012.

Results: Technical success was achieved in 66 of 73 cases (90.4%). Mean patient age was 65 ± 7 years, and 30% had prior coronary artery bypass surgery. Dual injection was used in 78%. The primary approach was retrograde in 9 cases (12.5%) and antegrade in 64 cases (87.5%), of whom 25 cases (39.1%) underwent retrograde attempt after failed antegrade approach. The initial crossing approach was successful in 40 cases (54.8%), but 32 cases (44%) required 3.6 ± 1.4 approach changes (range 2-7). Antegrade wire escalation, antegrade dissection/reentry, and retrograde crossing were utilized in 97.2%, 46.6%, and 46.6% of cases, respectively. Among successful cases, the final CTO crossing technique was antegrade wire escalation in 50.0%, antegrade dissection/reentry in 24.2%, and retrograde in 25.8%. The mean procedure time, fluoroscopy time, and air kerma radiation exposure until CTO crossing or stopping the procedure were 66 ± 55 minutes, 25 ± 23 minutes, and 2.3 ± 1.9 Gray, respectively. Three patients (4.1%) had a major complication.

Conclusion: In the "hybrid approach" to CTO PCI, changes in crossing strategy were needed in approximately half the cases, resulting in high success and low complication rates.