The relationships between photosynthetic capacity and dry matter accumulation during the grain filling period have been studied in flag leaves of Triticum aestivum L., cv. Kolibri grown in Mediterranean field conditions. Particular importance has been given to assimilate accumulation in relation to the onset of senescence. During grain filling, the time course of specific dry weight (SDW) was similar in the blade and in the sheath. Variations in SDW were about six times larger in the sheath than in the blade. Minimum blade SDW values occurred during heading and at anthesis. Maximum blade SDW values were observed two weeks after anthesis. After this, SDW values decreased sharply. The dry matter increase per grain in the period from two weeks after anthesis to the end, was only about 25% of final grain dry weight. The importance of environmental constraints on maximum SDW values are discussed. Maximum SDW values occurred at the beginning of the period of rapid decline in blade net CO2 assimilation rate and leaf nitrogen content, that is, at the beginning of senescence. On the other hand, the stomatal resistance to CO2 and the development of senescence are not apparently related. The maximum blade dry weight increase (considering a value of zero at heading) was about 60 mg dry weight per g fresh weight. The possible relationships between dry matter accumulation and senescence onset are discussed.