Phyllostomid bat occurrence in successional stages of neotropical dry forests

PLoS One. 2014 Jan 3;9(1):e84572. doi: 10.1371/journal.pone.0084572. eCollection 2014.

Abstract

Tropical dry forests (TDFs) are highly endangered tropical ecosystems being replaced by a complex mosaic of patches of different successional stages, agricultural fields and pasturelands. In this context, it is urgent to understand how taxa playing critical ecosystem roles respond to habitat modification. Because Phyllostomid bats provide important ecosystem services (e.g. facilitate gene flow among plant populations and promote forest regeneration), in this study we aimed to identify potential patterns on their response to TDF transformation in sites representing four different successional stages (initial, early, intermediate and late) in three Neotropical regions: México, Venezuela and Brazil. We evaluated bat occurrence at the species, ensemble (abundance) and assemblage level (species richness and composition, guild composition). We also evaluated how bat occurrence was modulated by the marked seasonality of TDFs. In general, we found high seasonal and regional specificities in phyllostomid occurrence, driven by specificities at species and guild levels. For example, highest frugivore abundance occurred in the early stage of the moistest TDF, while highest nectarivore abundance occurred in the same stage of the driest TDF. The high regional specificity of phyllostomid responses could arise from: (1) the distinctive environmental conditions of each region, (2) the specific behavior and ecological requirements of the regional bat species, (3) the composition, structure and phenological patterns of plant assemblages in the different stages, and (4) the regional landscape composition and configuration. We conclude that, in tropical seasonal environments, it is imperative to perform long-term studies considering seasonal variations in environmental conditions and plant phenology, as well as the role of landscape attributes. This approach will allow us to identify potential patterns in bat responses to habitat modification, which constitute an invaluable tool for not only bat biodiversity conservation but also for the conservation of the key ecological processes they provide.

Publication types

  • Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't

MeSH terms

  • Animals
  • Biodiversity
  • Brazil
  • Chiroptera*
  • Ecosystem
  • Mexico
  • Seasons
  • Trees*
  • Tropical Climate*
  • Venezuela

Grants and funding

Financial support was provided by the University of Alberta (www.ualberta.ca), the Inter American Institute for Global Change Research (IAI, http://www.iai.int), (Tropi-Dry-CRN2-21), SEMARNAT-CONACyT (http://www.semarnat.gob.mx, www.conacyt.mx), Mexico (2002-C01-0597 and CB- 2005-51043), the “Fundação de Amparo a Pesquisa do Estado de Minas Gerais” (FAPEMIG, www.fapemig.br), Brazil (CRA-2288/07 and CRA-3042-5.03/07), and “Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México” (UNAM, http://www.unam.mx) through the “Programa de Apoyo a Proyectos de Investigación e Innovación Tecnológica” (PAPITT-IA203413), the “Programa de Apoyo a los Estudios de Posgrado” (PAEP) and the “Programa de Movilidad Internacional de Estudiantes” of the “Dirección General de Estudios de Posgrado” (DGEP). The funders had no role in study design, data collection and analysis, decision to publish, or preparation of the manuscript.