Galantamine reverses scopolamine-induced behavioral alterations in Dugesia tigrina

Invert Neurosci. 2014 Sep;14(2):91-101. doi: 10.1007/s10158-013-0167-8. Epub 2014 Jan 9.

Abstract

In planaria (Dugesia tigrina), scopolamine, a nonselective muscarinic receptor antagonist, induced distinct behaviors of attenuated motility and C-like hyperactivity. Planarian locomotor velocity (pLMV) displayed a dose-dependent negative correlation with scopolamine concentrations from 0.001 to 1.0 mM, and a further increase in scopolamine concentration to 2.25 mM did not further decrease pLMV. Planarian hyperactivity counts was dose-dependently increased following pretreatment with scopolamine concentrations from 0.001 to 0.5 mM and then decreased for scopolamine concentrations ≥ 1 mM. Planarian learning and memory investigated using classical Pavlovian conditioning experiments demonstrated that scopolamine (1 mM) negatively influenced associative learning indicated by a significant decrease in % positive behaviors from 86 % (control) to 14 % (1 mM scopolamine) and similarly altered memory retention, which is indicated by a decrease in % positive behaviors from 69 % (control) to 27 % (1 mM scopolamine). Galantamine demonstrated a complex behavior in planarian motility experiments since co-application of low concentrations of galantamine (0.001 and 0.01 mM) protected planaria against 1 mM scopolamine-induced motility impairments; however, pLMV was significantly decreased when planaria were tested in the presence of 0.1 mM galantamine alone. Effects of co-treatment of scopolamine and galantamine on memory retention in planaria via classical Pavlovian conditioning experiments showed that galantamine (0.01 mM) partially reversed scopolamine (1 mM)-induced memory deficits in planaria as the % positive behaviors increased from 27 to 63 %. The results demonstrate, for the first time in planaria, scopolamine's effects in causing learning and memory impairments and galantamine's ability in reversing scopolamine-induced memory impairments.

Publication types

  • Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't
  • Research Support, U.S. Gov't, Non-P.H.S.

MeSH terms

  • Animals
  • Cholinesterase Inhibitors / pharmacology*
  • Conditioning, Classical / drug effects
  • Disease Models, Animal
  • Dose-Response Relationship, Drug
  • Galantamine / pharmacology*
  • Hyperkinesis / drug therapy
  • Locomotion / drug effects*
  • Memory / drug effects
  • Memory / physiology
  • Muscarinic Antagonists / pharmacology*
  • Planarians / drug effects
  • Scopolamine / pharmacology*
  • Stereotypic Movement Disorder / chemically induced
  • Stereotypic Movement Disorder / drug therapy
  • Time Factors

Substances

  • Cholinesterase Inhibitors
  • Muscarinic Antagonists
  • Galantamine
  • Scopolamine