The role of SwrA, DegU and P(D3) in fla/che expression in B. subtilis

PLoS One. 2013 Dec 27;8(12):e85065. doi: 10.1371/journal.pone.0085065. eCollection 2013.

Abstract

In B. subtilis swarming and robust swimming motility require the positive trigger of SwrA on fla/che operon expression. Despite having an essential and specific activity, how SwrA executes this task has remained elusive thus far. We demonstrate here that SwrA acts at the main σ(A)-dependent fla/che promoter PA(fla/che) through DegU. Electrophoretic mobility shift assays (EMSA) reveal that SwrA forms a complex with the phosphorylated form of DegU (DegU~P) at PA(fla/che) while it is unable to do so with either unphosphorylated DegU or the DegU32(Hy) mutant protein. Motility assays show that a highly phosphorylated DegU is not detrimental for flagellar motility provided that SwrA is present; however, DegU~P represses PA(fla/che) in the absence of SwrA. Overall, our data support a model in which DegU~P is a dual regulator, acting either as a repressor when alone or as a positive regulator of PA(fla/che) when combined with SwrA. Finally, we demonstrate that the σ(D)-dependent PD3(fla/che) promoter plays an important role in motility, representing a contingent feedback loop necessary to maintain basal motility when swrA is switched to the non-functional swrA(-) status.

Publication types

  • Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't

MeSH terms

  • Bacillus subtilis / genetics
  • Bacillus subtilis / metabolism*
  • Bacterial Proteins / genetics
  • Bacterial Proteins / metabolism*
  • Flagella / genetics
  • Flagella / metabolism
  • Gene Expression Regulation, Bacterial / physiology*
  • Phosphorylation / physiology
  • Sigma Factor / genetics
  • Sigma Factor / metabolism

Substances

  • Bacterial Proteins
  • DegU protein, Bacteria
  • Sigma Factor

Grants and funding

This work was supported by grants from Ministero dell’Università e della Ricerca to CC and AG, PRIN # 2008KY8WN9 (http://prin.miur.it/), and from the Alma Mater Ticinensis Foundation (www.almamaterticinensis.eu/). The funders had no role in study design, data collection and analysis, decision to publish, or preparation of the manuscript.