Aim: To describe the historical evolution of Advanced Practice Nursing (APN) in the international arena, and to describe the characteristics and competencies of this nursing role, with the ultimate aim of encouraging reflection on the implementation of this model of nursing in the Spanish context.
Methods: A literature review in the databases CINAHL, MEDLINE and CUIDEN was conducted. In addition, several websites were reviewed.
Results: At the international level, there is evidence on the impact of the APN in the healthcare system, reducing the number and length of hospital stays and showing greater user satisfaction. Regarding the national context, it is clear the interest on this issue, although the implementation of this advanced practice role is a pending matter.
Conclusions: In Spain, the implementation of the APN is a challenge due to the legislative, educational, organizational and political factors that are involved in the official introduction of this new nursing model.