Systemic treatments for noninfectious vitreous inflammation

Mediators Inflamm. 2013:2013:515312. doi: 10.1155/2013/515312. Epub 2013 Nov 20.

Abstract

Vitreous inflammation, or vitritis, may result from many causes, including both infectious and noninfectious, including rheumatologic and autoimmune processes. Vitritis is commonly vision threatening and has serious sequelae. Treatment is frequently challenging, but, today, there are multiple methods of systemic treatment for vitritis. These categories include corticosteroids, antimetabolites, alkylating agents, T-cell inhibitors/calcineurin inhibitors, and biologic agents. These treatment categories were reviewed last year, but, even over the course of just a year, many therapies have made progress, as we have learned more about their indications and efficacy. We discuss here discoveries made over the past year on both existing and new drugs, as well as reviewing mechanisms of action, clinical dosages, specific conditions that are treated, adverse effects, and usual course of treatment for each class of therapy.

Publication types

  • Review

MeSH terms

  • Adalimumab
  • Adrenal Cortex Hormones / therapeutic use
  • Antibodies, Monoclonal, Humanized / therapeutic use
  • Eye Diseases / drug therapy*
  • Humans
  • Immunosuppressive Agents / therapeutic use
  • Inflammation / drug therapy*
  • Isoxazoles / therapeutic use
  • Leflunomide
  • Vitreous Body / pathology*

Substances

  • Adrenal Cortex Hormones
  • Antibodies, Monoclonal, Humanized
  • Immunosuppressive Agents
  • Isoxazoles
  • Adalimumab
  • Leflunomide
  • tocilizumab