Photo-cross-linking probes for trapping G-quadruplex DNA

Abstract

We have developed a straightforward synthetic pathway to a set of six photoactivatable G-quadruplex ligands with a validated G4-binding motif (the bisquinolinium pyridodicarboxamide PDC-360A) tethered through various spacers to two different photo-cross-linking groups: benzophenone and an aryl azide. The high quadruplex-versus-duplex selectivity of the PDC core was retained in the new derivatives and resulted in selective alkylation of two well-known G-quadruplexes (human telomeric G4 and oncogene promoter c-myc G4) under conditions of harsh competition. The presence of two structurally different photoactivatable functions allowed the selective alkylation of G-quadruplex structures at specific nucleobases and irreversible G4 binding. The topology and sequence of the quadruplex matrix appear to influence strongly the alkylation profile, which differs for the telomeric and c-myc quadruplexes. The new compounds are photoactive in cells and thus provide new tools for studying G4 biology.

Keywords: DNA; G-quadruplexes; alkylation; photo-cross-linking; photoactivatable probes.