Mechanical stress impairs mitosis progression in multi-cellular tumor spheroids

PLoS One. 2013 Dec 3;8(12):e80447. doi: 10.1371/journal.pone.0080447. eCollection 2013.

Abstract

Growing solid tumors are subjected to mechanical stress that influences their growth rate and development. However, little is known about its effects on tumor cell biology. To explore this issue, we investigated the impact of mechanical confinement on cell proliferation in MultiCellular Tumor Spheroids (MCTS), a 3D culture model that recapitulates the microenvironment, proliferative gradient, and cell-cell interactions of a tumor. Dedicated polydimethylsiloxane (PDMS) microdevices were designed to spatially restrict MCTS growth. In this confined environment, spheroids are likely to experience mechanical stress as indicated by their modified cell morphology and density and by their relaxation upon removal from the microdevice. We show that the proliferation gradient within mechanically confined spheroids is different in comparison to MCTS grown in suspension. Furthermore, we demonstrate that a population of cells within the body of mechanically confined MCTS is arrested at mitosis. Cell morphology analysis reveals that this mitotic arrest is not caused by impaired cell rounding, but rather that confinement negatively affects bipolar spindle assembly. All together these results suggest that mechanical stress induced by progressive confinement of growing spheroids could impair mitotic progression. This study paves the way to future research to better understand the tumor cell response to mechanical cues similar to those encountered during in vivo tumor development.

Publication types

  • Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't

MeSH terms

  • Cell Line, Tumor
  • Humans
  • Mitosis*
  • Neoplasms / metabolism*
  • Neoplasms / pathology
  • Spheroids, Cellular / metabolism*
  • Spheroids, Cellular / pathology
  • Stress, Physiological*

Grants and funding

AD is a recipient of a doctoral fellowship by the Association pour la Recherche contre le Cancer and is a fellow of the Ecole de l'Inserm Liliane Bettencourt. This work was supported by the CNRS, Université Paul Sabatier, Région Midi-Pyrénées, Fondation pour la Recherche Médicale (Equipe labellisée) and ANR (12-BSV5-0008-01). The funders had no role in study design, data collection and analysis, decision to publish, or preparation of the manuscript.