Cytoplasmic PML: from molecular regulation to biological functions

J Cell Biochem. 2014 May;115(5):812-8. doi: 10.1002/jcb.24727.

Abstract

The tumor suppressor promyelocytic leukemia protein (PML) is predominantly localized in the nucleus, where it is essential for the formation and stabilization of the PML nuclear bodies (PML-NBs). PML-NBs are involved in the regulation of numerous cellular functions, such as tumorigenesis, DNA damage and antiviral responses. Despite its nuclear localization, a small portion of PML has been found in the cytoplasm. A number of studies recently demonstrated that the cytoplasmic PML (cPML) has diverse functions in many cellular processes including tumorigenesis, metabolism, antiviral responses, cell cycle regulation, and laminopothies. In this prospective, we will summarize the current viewpoints on the regulation and biological significance of cPML and discuss the important questions that still need to be further answered.

Keywords: CANCER; CYTOPLASMIC PML; TUMOR SUPPRESSOR.

Publication types

  • Research Support, N.I.H., Extramural
  • Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't
  • Review

MeSH terms

  • Carcinogenesis / genetics*
  • Cell Cycle Proteins / genetics*
  • Cell Nucleolus / genetics
  • Cytoplasm / metabolism
  • DNA Damage / genetics*
  • Humans
  • Nuclear Proteins / genetics*
  • Nuclear Proteins / metabolism
  • Promyelocytic Leukemia Protein
  • Prospective Studies
  • Transcription Factors / genetics*
  • Transcription Factors / metabolism
  • Tumor Suppressor Proteins / genetics*
  • Tumor Suppressor Proteins / metabolism

Substances

  • Cell Cycle Proteins
  • Nuclear Proteins
  • Promyelocytic Leukemia Protein
  • Transcription Factors
  • Tumor Suppressor Proteins
  • PML protein, human