The ubiquitously expressed adapter proteins Nck1/2 interact with a multitude of effector molecules to regulate diverse cellular functions including cytoskeletal dynamics. Here we show that Nck1, but not Nck2, is a substrate of c-Cbl-mediated ubiquitination. We uncover lysine 178 in Nck1 as the evolutionarily conserved ubiquitin acceptor site. We previously reported that synaptopodin, a proline-rich actin-binding protein, induces stress fibres by blocking the Smurf1-mediated ubiquitination of RhoA. We now find that synaptopodin competes with c-Cbl for binding to Nck1, which prevents the ubiquitination of Nck1 by c-Cbl. Gene silencing of c-Cbl restores Nck1 protein abundance and stress fibres in synaptopodin knockdown cells. Similarly, expression of c-Cbl-resistant Nck1(K178R) or Nck2 containing the SH3 domain 2 of Nck1 restores stress fibres in synaptopodin-depleted podocytes through activation of RhoA signalling. These findings reveal proteasomal regulation as a key factor in the distinct and non-redundant effects of Nck on RhoA-mediated actin dynamics.