Endogenous cytokinin profiles of tissue-cultured and acclimatized 'Williams' bananas subjected to different aromatic cytokinin treatments

Abstract

Endogenous cytokinin (CK) levels of in vitro-cultured and greenhouse-acclimatized 'Williams' bananas treated with six aromatic CKs were quantified using UPLC-MS/MS. The underground parts had higher endogenous CK levels than the aerial parts. Control plantlets had more isoprenoid CKs while the aromatic-type CKs were predominant in all other regenerants. Following acclimatization of the control and 10 μM CK regenerants, there was a rapid decline in both isoprenoid and aromatic CK in the greenhouse-grown plants. Apart from the control and 6-(3-Methoxybenzylamino)-9-tetrahydropyran-2-ylpurine (MemTTHP) treatment with higher level of isoprenoid CK, aromatic CK remain the predominant CK-type across all CK treatments. The most abundant CK forms were meta-topolin (mT) and benzyladenine (BA) in the micropropagated and acclimatized plants, respectively. Micropropagated plantlets had cis-Zeatin (cZ) as the major isoprenoid CK-type which was in turn replaced by isopentenyladenine (iP) upon acclimatization. On a structural and functional basis, 9-glucoside, a deactivation/detoxicification product was the most abundant and mainly located in the underground parts (micropropagation and acclimatization). The results establish the wide variation in metabolic products of the tested aromatic CKs during micropropagation and acclimatization. The findings are discussed with the possible physiological roles of the various CK constituents on the growth and development of banana plants.

Keywords: 6-(3-Methoxybenzylamino)-9-tetrahydropyran-2-ylpurine; BA; BA9G; BAR; BAR5′MP; CDK; CK; Cyclin-dependent kinase; Cytokinin; DHZ; DHZ9G; DHZOG; DHZR; DHZR5′MP; DHZROG; Dihydrozeatin; Dihydrozeatin riboside; Dihydrozeatin riboside-5′-monophosphate; Dihydrozeatin-9-glucoside; Dihydrozeatin-O-glucoside; Dihydrozeatin-O-glucoside riboside; IAC; IPT; Immunoaffinity chromatography; Isopentenyltransferase; KIN; KIN9G; KINR; KINR5′MP; Kinetin; Kinetin riboside; Kinetin riboside-5′-monophosphate; Kinetin-9-glucoside; MRM; MS; MemT; MemTR; MemTTHP; Micropropagation; Multiple reaction monitoring; Murashige and Skoog medium; Musa spp.; N(6)- Benzyladenine riboside; N(6)-Benzyladenine; N(6)-Benzyladenine-9-glucoside; N(6)-Benzyladenosine-5′-monophosphate; N(6)-Isopentenyladenine; N(6)-Isopentenyladenine-9-glucoside; N(6)-Isopentenyladenosine; N(6)-Isopentenyladenosine-5′-monophosphate; PGR; PPF; PTC; Photosynthetic photon flux density; Physiological disorders; Phytohormones; Plant growth regulator; Plant tissue culture; Topolins; UPLC; Ultra performance liquid chromatography; cZ; cZ9G; cZOG; cZR; cZR5′MP; cZROG; cis-Zeatin; cis-Zeatin riboside; cis-Zeatin riboside-5′-monophosphate; cis-Zeatin-9-glucoside; cis-Zeatin-O-glucoside; cis-Zeatin-O-glucoside riboside; iP; iP9G; iPR; iPR5′MP; mT; mT9G; mTOG; mTR; mTR5′MP; mTROG; meta-Methoxy topolin; meta-Methoxy topolin riboside; meta-Topolin; meta-Topolin riboside; meta-Topolin-5′-monophosphate; meta-Topolin-9-glucoside; meta-Topolin-O-glucoside; meta-Topolin-O-glucoside riboside; oT; oT9G; oTOG; oTR; oTR5′MP; oTROG; ortho-Topolin; ortho-Topolin riboside; ortho-Topolin-5′-monophosphate; ortho-Topolin-9-glucoside; ortho-Topolin-O-glucoside; ortho-Topolin-O-glucoside riboside; pT; pTOG; pTR; pTR5′MP; pTROG; para-Topolin; para-Topolin riboside; para-Topolin-5′-monophosphate; para-Topolin-O-glucoside; para-Topolin-O-glucoside riboside; tZ; tZ9G; tZOG; tZR; tZR5′MP; tZROG; trans-Zeatin; trans-Zeatin riboside; trans-Zeatin riboside-5′-monophosphate; trans-Zeatin-9-glucoside; trans-Zeatin-O-glucoside; trans-Zeatin-O-glucoside riboside.