Proliferative vitreoretinopathy (PVR) is a leading blinding disease, which is often associated with ocular trauma, rhegmatogenous retinal detachment and diabetic retinopathy. PVR involves the vitreous and retina and its occurrence is characterized by vitreoretinal cells migration, transformation and excessive proliferation which lead to the formation of pre- or sub-retinal membrane or membrane formation in the vitreous. The subsequent contraction of the membrane can lead to retinal detachment and loss of vision. At present, vitrectomy is the standard treatment modality for the treatment of PVR. However, this procedure is expensive and post-operative vision is often unsatisfactory. With the advances of biological studies, the pathogenesis of PRV becomes clear, and the corresponding pharmacological intervention studies targeting the relevant pathways developed rapidly. This review is aiming to highlight the new developments in pharmacological prevention and treatment for PVR.