Strong and weak zinc binding sites in human zinc-α2-glycoprotein

Abstract

Zinc-α2-glycoprotein (ZAG) is an adipokine with an MHC class I-like protein fold. Even though zinc causes ZAG to precipitate from plasma during protein purification, no zinc binding has been identified to date. Using mass spectrometry, we demonstrated that ZAG contains one strongly bound zinc ion, predicted to lie close to the α1 and α2 helical groove. UV, CD and fluorescence spectroscopies detected weak zinc binding to holo-ZAG, which can bind up to 15 zinc ions. Zinc binding to 11-(dansylamino) undecanoic acid was enhanced by holo-ZAG. Zinc binding may be important for ZAG binding to fatty acids and the β-adrenergic receptor.

Keywords: 11-(dansylamino) undecanoic acid; Adipokine; DAUDA; GdnHCl; ICP-MS; MDS; Molecular modeling; Spectroscopy; ZAG; Zinc α2 glycoprotein; guanidinium hydrochloride; inductively coupled plasma-mass spectrometry; molecular dynamics simulations; zinc-α2-glycoprotein.