Invisible bleeding from clean-shave haircuts: detection with blood specific RNA markers

Dermatology. 2013;227(3):197-201. doi: 10.1159/000353529. Epub 2013 Oct 16.

Abstract

Background: 'Haircut-associated bleeding' is a newly recognized entity that affects at least a quarter of African men who wear shiny clean-shave ('chiskop') haircuts.

Aim: This pilot study aimed to elucidate whether invisible haircut-associated bleeding was detectable using blood specific RNA markers (16 participants, 5 with unknown HIV status) and whether surface virus could be detected using PCR from scalp swabs (of 11 known HIV-positive participants).

Methods: Haircuts were performed professionally and scalps examined by a dermatologist to exclude injury. Serum samples for viral loads were also collected at the same time.

Results: In all, 6/16 (37%) samples tested positive (>100 relative fluorescent units) for hemoglobin beta and albumin, confirming evidence of blood; of these, only 1/11 was HIV-positive but had an undetectable serum viral load. No surface HIV was detected from any scalp samples.

Conclusions: This study confirms the entity of haircut-associated bleeding but goes further to show for the first time that invisible bleeding from clean-shave haircuts is also common. Both a high serum viral load and evidence of bleeding should ideally be present prior to surface HIV detection. Future investigations for potential HIV (and hepatitis B) transmission through clean-shave haircuts are warranted but should not delay public education for disease prevention.

Publication types

  • Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't

MeSH terms

  • Albumins / genetics
  • Barbering*
  • Biomarkers / analysis
  • Blood-Borne Pathogens / isolation & purification*
  • HIV / genetics
  • HIV / isolation & purification*
  • HIV Seropositivity / blood*
  • Hemorrhage / blood*
  • Hemorrhage / etiology
  • Humans
  • Male
  • Pilot Projects
  • RNA, Messenger / analysis*
  • Scalp / injuries
  • Scalp / virology
  • Skin / injuries
  • Skin / virology
  • Skin Diseases / blood*
  • Skin Diseases / etiology
  • Viral Load
  • beta-Globins / genetics

Substances

  • Albumins
  • Biomarkers
  • RNA, Messenger
  • beta-Globins