Crystal-plane-controlled surface chemistry and catalytic performance of surfactant-free Cu2 O nanocrystals

Abstract

Surfactant-free Cu2 O nanocrystals, including cubes exposing {100} crystal planes, octahedra exposing {111} crystal planes, and rhombic dodecahedra exposing {110} crystal planes, were used as model catalysts to study the effect of the crystal plane on the surface chemistry and catalytic performance for CO oxidation of Cu2 O nanocrystals. The catalytic performance follows the order of octahedra rhombic dodecahedra>cubes; this suggests that Cu2 O(111) is most active in catalyzing CO oxidation among Cu2 O (111), (110), and (100) surfaces. CO temperature-programmed reduction results demonstrate that Cu2 O octahedra are the most easily reduced of the Cu2 O cubes, octahedra, and rhombic dodecahedra. Diffuse reflectance FTIR spectra show that CO chemisorption on Cu2 O nanocrystals depends on their shape and the chemisorption temperature. CO chemisorption is strongest on rhombic dodecahedra at 30°C, but at 150°C on octahedra. Both the reducibility and chemisorption ability of various Cu2 O nanocrystals toward CO are consistent with their catalytic performance in CO oxidation. The observed surface chemistry and catalytic performance in CO oxidation of various Cu2 O nanocrystals can be well correlated with their exposed crystal plane and surface composition/structure. Cu2 O octahedra expose the {111} crystal plane with coordinated, unsaturated Cu(I) sites, and thus, are most active in chemisorbing CO and catalyzing CO oxidation. These results nicely demonstrate the crystal-plane-controlled surface chemistry and catalytic performance of oxide catalysts.

Keywords: chemisorption; heterogeneous catalysis; nanostructures; oxidation; surface chemistry.