Effects of the comminution rate and microbial contamination of particles in the rumen on in situ estimates of protein and amino acid digestion of expeller palm kernel and rapeseed meal

J Sci Food Agric. 2014 May;94(7):1291-8. doi: 10.1002/jsfa.6406. Epub 2013 Oct 8.

Abstract

Background: Microbial corrected effective in situ estimates of ruminal undegraded fraction (RU) and intestinal effective digestibility (IED) of dry matter (DM), crude protein (CP) and amino acids (AA) of expeller palm kernel (EPK) and rapeseed meal (RSM) were measured on three rumen- and duodenum-cannulated wethers using ¹⁵N labelling techniques and considering ruminal rates of comminution (k(c)) and outflow (k(p)) of particles.

Results: The lack of k(c) and microbial correction overestimated the RU of DM by 4.91% (EPK) and 9.88% (RSM). The lack of this correction also overestimated in both feeds the RU of CP, individual and total (TAA) AA as well as the IED of DM, CP, TAA and most AA. RU estimates were higher for CP than for TAA, but the opposite was observed for IED. The intestinal digested fraction was higher for CP than for TAA: 17.4% (EPK) and 13.8% (RSM). Digestion led to large changes in the essential AA profile in both feeds.

Conclusion: The lack of k(c) and microbial correction as well as CP-based results leads to considerable overestimations in the protein use of both feeds. Digestion aggravates the lysine deficiency of EPK but has global positive effects in the absorbed profile of RSM.

Keywords: amino acids; intestinal digestibility; protein; ruminal degradability; sheep.

Publication types

  • Comparative Study
  • Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't

MeSH terms

  • Amino Acids / deficiency
  • Amino Acids / economics
  • Amino Acids / metabolism*
  • Animal Feed / adverse effects
  • Animal Feed / analysis*
  • Animal Feed / economics
  • Animals
  • Arecaceae / chemistry
  • Brassica rapa / chemistry
  • Deficiency Diseases / prevention & control
  • Deficiency Diseases / veterinary
  • Dietary Proteins / adverse effects
  • Dietary Proteins / economics
  • Dietary Proteins / metabolism*
  • Digestion*
  • Gastric Emptying
  • Industrial Waste / adverse effects
  • Industrial Waste / analysis
  • Industrial Waste / economics
  • Lysine / deficiency
  • Lysine / economics
  • Lysine / metabolism
  • Male
  • Models, Biological*
  • Nutritive Value
  • Particle Size
  • Plant Proteins / adverse effects
  • Plant Proteins / economics
  • Plant Proteins / metabolism
  • Proteolysis
  • Rumen / metabolism*
  • Rumen / microbiology
  • Seeds / chemistry
  • Sheep, Domestic / metabolism*
  • Sheep, Domestic / microbiology

Substances

  • Amino Acids
  • Dietary Proteins
  • Industrial Waste
  • Plant Proteins
  • Lysine