Vitamin D: deficiency, sufficiency and toxicity

Nutrients. 2013 Sep 13;5(9):3605-16. doi: 10.3390/nu5093605.

Abstract

The plethora of vitamin D studies over the recent years highlight the pleomorphic effects of vitamin D outside its conventional role in calcium and bone homeostasis. Vitamin D deficiency, though common and known, still faces several challenges among the medical community in terms of proper diagnosis and correction. In this review, the different levels of vitamin D and its clinical implications are highlighted. Recommendations and consensuses for the appropriate dose and duration for each vitamin D status are also emphasized.

Publication types

  • Review

MeSH terms

  • Bone and Bones / drug effects
  • Bone and Bones / metabolism
  • Calcium, Dietary / administration & dosage
  • Dietary Supplements*
  • Dose-Response Relationship, Drug
  • Homeostasis
  • Humans
  • Vitamin D / administration & dosage
  • Vitamin D / blood*
  • Vitamin D / toxicity
  • Vitamin D Deficiency / blood*
  • Vitamin D Deficiency / diagnosis*

Substances

  • Calcium, Dietary
  • Vitamin D