A parallel increase in placental oxidative stress and antioxidant defenses occurs in pre-gestational type 1 but not gestational diabetes

Placenta. 2013 Nov;34(11):1095-8. doi: 10.1016/j.placenta.2013.09.001. Epub 2013 Sep 11.

Abstract

We aimed to determine the oxidative stress status in placentas obtained from gestational (GDM) and type 1 (T1D) diabetic pregnancies. Malonaldehyde and protein carbonyls, two biomarkers of oxidative damage, were higher in T1D but not in GDM placentas. Also, higher reduced glutathione and lower oxidized glutathione levels and higher glutathione peroxidase activity were found in T1D but not in GDM placentas. These results suggest that T1D placentas may develop a protective antioxidant mechanism to overcome higher oxidative stress levels.

Keywords: GDM; GSX; MDA; Maternal diabetes; Oxidative stress; Placenta; T1D; gestational diabetic pregnancies; malonaldehyde; pre-gestational type 1 diabetic pregnancies; tert-BOOH; tert-butyl hydroperoxide; total glutathione.

Publication types

  • Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't

MeSH terms

  • Adult
  • Biomarkers / metabolism
  • Diabetes Mellitus, Type 1 / enzymology
  • Diabetes Mellitus, Type 1 / metabolism*
  • Diabetes, Gestational / enzymology
  • Diabetes, Gestational / metabolism
  • Drug Resistance
  • Female
  • Glutathione / metabolism*
  • Glutathione Peroxidase / metabolism*
  • Glutathione Peroxidase GPX1
  • Humans
  • Malondialdehyde / metabolism
  • Oxidants / pharmacology
  • Oxidation-Reduction
  • Oxidative Stress* / drug effects
  • Placenta / drug effects
  • Placenta / enzymology
  • Placenta / metabolism*
  • Pregnancy
  • Pregnancy in Diabetics / enzymology
  • Pregnancy in Diabetics / metabolism*
  • Protein Carbonylation / drug effects
  • Term Birth
  • Up-Regulation* / drug effects
  • tert-Butylhydroperoxide / pharmacology

Substances

  • Biomarkers
  • Oxidants
  • Malondialdehyde
  • tert-Butylhydroperoxide
  • Glutathione Peroxidase
  • Glutathione
  • Glutathione Peroxidase GPX1
  • GPX1 protein, human