Inhibition of inflammatory mediators and reactive oxygen and nitrogen species by some depsidones and diaryl ether derivatives isolated from Corynespora cassiicola, an endophytic fungus of Gongronema latifolium leaves

Immunopharmacol Immunotoxicol. 2013 Dec;35(6):662-8. doi: 10.3109/08923973.2013.834930. Epub 2013 Sep 16.

Abstract

In this study, some depsidones and diaryl ether derivatives isolated from Corynespora cassicola, a fungi endophyte of Gongronema latifolium, were assessed for their anti-inflammatory potentials. The isolated metabolites corynesidone A (1), corynesidone C (2), corynesidone D (3) and corynether A (4) were screened for their effects on tumour necrosis factor-α (TNF-α), inducible nitric oxide (iNO), and reactive oxygen species (ROS) and reactive nitrogen species (RNS) production by stimulated RAW264.7 macrophages. Concentration of 1, 2, 3 and 4 up to 100 μM did not remarkably affect the viability of treated macrophages. The compounds were found to cause a concentration-dependent decrease in lipopolysaccharide-induced TNF-α and iNO in RAW264.7 cells. Pre-treatment with 100 μM of 1, 2, 3 and 4 suppressed iNO by as much as 96.28%, 95.71%, 78.14% and 73.28%; with IC(50) of 8.16, 9.49, 15.29 and 26.52 μM, respectively. Similarly, pre-treatment with 100 μM of 1, 2, 3 and 4 caused an inhibition of 99.17%, 99.59%, 95.02% and 74.07% in the formation of iNO production, respectively, with IC(50) of 1.88, 3.99, 7.48 and 37.22 μM. Treatment of with compounds 1-4 (10, 30 and 100 µM) followed by stimulation with phorbol 12-myristate 13-acetate (1 µM) caused significant (p < 0.05) suppression of ROS/RNS-evoked chemiluminescence of luminol by as much as 100.96 ± 1.88%, 98.59 ± 1.38%, 87.35 ± 1.41% and 79.22 ± 0.30%, respectively at 100 µM. The depsidone derivatives (1-4) showed more potent inhibition of TNF-α and NO production and better scavenging ROS/RNS than the diaryl ether derivative (4). These chemical scaffolds can serve as suitable lead molecules for further development into novel anti-inflammatory and/or anti-cancer agents.

Publication types

  • Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't

MeSH terms

  • Animals
  • Apocynaceae* / chemistry
  • Apocynaceae* / microbiology
  • Ascomycota / chemistry*
  • Cell Line
  • Depsides / chemistry
  • Depsides / pharmacology*
  • Free Radical Scavengers / chemistry
  • Free Radical Scavengers / pharmacology*
  • Lactones / chemistry
  • Lactones / pharmacology*
  • Macrophages
  • Mice
  • Nitric Oxide / metabolism
  • Nitric Oxide Synthase Type II / metabolism
  • Plant Leaves* / chemistry
  • Plant Leaves* / microbiology
  • Reactive Oxygen Species / metabolism*
  • Tumor Necrosis Factor-alpha / metabolism

Substances

  • Depsides
  • Free Radical Scavengers
  • Lactones
  • Reactive Oxygen Species
  • Tumor Necrosis Factor-alpha
  • Nitric Oxide
  • depsidone
  • Nitric Oxide Synthase Type II
  • Nos2 protein, mouse