We propose and test various strategies for the creation of artery phantoms mimicking different kinds of diseased arteries when imaged by intravascular optical coherence tomography (IVOCT). We first review the method for making healthy artery phantoms. We then describe the procedure to fabricate diseased artery phantoms with intima thickening, lipid pool, thin-capped fibroatheroma, calcification, and restenosis (homogeneous and layered) after stent apposition. For each case, a phantom is fabricated, an IVOCT image is obtained, and the image is compared to that of a real artery.