The most common cause of bladder reconstruction is radical cystectomy for invasive bladder cancer. Currently, bowel segments remains, the most widely used in reconstruction of urinary tract. Using of bowel as a "material" for bladder reconstruction is associated with numerous complications. Tissue engineering methods provide opportunities to construct bladder tissue in vitro from autologous cells obtained from non urinary tract system. So far, the most useful cell and matrix type for bladder reconstruction have not been defined. In this work actual knowledge about tissue engineering in bladder regeneration was presented.