[Alcoholic and non-alcoholic steatohepatitis: who is affected and what can we do for them?]

Abstract

The most common causes of steatohepatitis are alcohol intake and metabolic disorders. Several methods based on biochemical determinations (carbohydrate deficient transferrin) and questionnaires (AUDIT, CAGE, MALE) are useful for detecting surreptitious alcohol intake. Although new non-invasive methods are under development, based both on lipidomics (Owl-Liver(®)) and on biochemical determinations and anthropometric parameters (NAFLD Fibrosis score) or imaging methods (DeMILI NASH-MRi(®)), none has been proposed as definitive and the gold standard continues to be liver biopsy. The pathogenesis of alcoholic and non-alcoholic steatohepatitis shares some elements such as insulin resistance, cytochrome CYP2E1-mediated oxidative stress, adiponutrin and its PNPLA3 gene, and the microbiota. The first-line treatment consists of lifestyle changes, including giving up alcohol, diet and exercise.

Keywords: Alcoholic steatohepatitis; Diagnóstico no invasivo; Esteatohepatitis alcohólica; Esteatohepatitis no alcohólica; Manejo terapéutico; Non-alcoholic steatohepatitis; Noninvasive diagnosis; Pathogenic mechanisms of steatohepatitis; Therapeutic management; Vías patogénicas de esteatohepatitis.