An analysis of well-established aspects of stroke prevention is presented. The authors present results of the questionnaire survey of 286 primary care physicians of six regions of Russia (Chelyabinsk, Kurgan, Orenburg, Saratov, Sverdlovsk Oblasts and the Republic of Bashkortostan). Most of respondents (71.68%, 95% CI: 66.08-76.83) have reported that ischemic stroke often develops due to vasospasm and / or reduction of the cerebral blood flow during systemic hypotension; 91.26% (95% CI: 87.37-94.26) of surveyed physicians use vasodilators and metabolic agents for prevention of stroke and 67.48% (95% CI: 61.72-72.88) administer treatment similar to that used after a transient ischemic attack. Approximately half of the physicians prefers maintaining the normal blood pressure in elderly as a preventive measure of the first and second stroke events.